A list including leading multidisciplinary journals that frequently publish nanomedicine research, categorized by open-access model:

Platinum Open Access (No Fees)

1. Precision Nanomedicine
   precisionnanomedicine.com
   Focus: Precision nanomedicine, theranostics, and translational research.
   Commercial model: Fully free, funded by institutional partnerships.

Gold Open Access (APC Required)

1. International Journal of Nanomedicine
   dovepress.com
   Focus: Clinical applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery and diagnostics.
   APC: ~$3,300.
2. PLOS ONE
   journals.plos.org/plosone
   Focus: Broad-scope journal publishing nanomedicine studies in materials science, biology, and medicine.
   APC: $1,749.

Hybrid/Payment Models (Optional Open Access)

1. Nature Nanotechnology
   nature.com/nnano
   Focus: High-impact nanotechnology research, including nanomedicine and drug delivery.
   APC: €9,500 (~$10,200) for open access. Subscription otherwise.
2. Science Advances
   science.org/journal/sciadv
   Focus: Interdisciplinary research, including nanoscale therapeutics and diagnostics.
   APC: $4,500.
3. ACS Nano
   pubs.acs.org/journal/ancac3
   Focus: Nanotechnology applications in medicine, energy, and environmental science.
   APC: $3,000–$5,000 (waivers for low-income countries).
4. Advanced Materials
   onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15214095
   Focus: Nanomaterials for biomedical engineering and targeted therapies.
   APC: $5,700.
5. Biomaterials
   sciencedirect.com/journal/biomaterials
   Focus: Biomaterials and nanoscale systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
   APC: $3,800.
6. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
   pnas.org
   Focus: Multidisciplinary research, including nanotechnology for healthcare.
   APC: $3,450 (optional open access).
7. Journal of Controlled Release
   sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-controlled-release
   Focus: Drug delivery systems, including nanoparticle-based therapies.
   APC: $3,700.
8. The Lancet Oncology
   thelancet.com/journals/lanonc
   Focus: Clinical oncology, with occasional nanomedicine trials (e.g., targeted therapies).
   APC: $6,000 (optional open access).

Subscription-Based (No Open Access Option)

1. New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
   nejm.org
   Focus: Clinical medicine, occasionally publishes nanomedicine breakthroughs (e.g., mRNA vaccine tech).
   Commercial model: Subscription-only; no APC.

Key Notes:

• High-impact journals (Nature Nanotechnology, Science Advances) prioritize groundbreaking nanomedicine studies but charge steep APCs (~$4,500–$10,200).
• Specialized hybrid journals (ACS Nano, Biomaterials) balance open access with subscriptions, focusing on applied nanotech.
• Medical journals (The Lancet Oncology, NEJM) feature nanomedicine in clinical contexts but rarely accept purely technical studies.